Tiwoho Mangroves in Bunaken National Park Dominated by Sonneratia alba

Image: article cover, from Supratman et al. (2015), Jurnal Wasian, licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.

The Tiwoho mangrove forest on the northern coast of North Sulawesi serves as a lifeline for local communities and a cornerstone of the conservation of Bunaken National Park. A research team from the Manado Forestry Research Institute recorded that at the tree level, Sonneratia alba had the highest importance value, at 206.88 per cent, followed by Bruguiera sp. at 46.06 per cent. These findings were reported in the Journal Wasian in 2015.

Although the value for Rhizophora apiculata was lower than that of Bruguiera sp., the frequency of occurrence of the two species was almost identical. This means that both are frequently found in the sample plots. Rhizophora apiculata in fact dominates at the sapling and seedling levels, although its frequency at the sapling level remains lower than that of Bruguiera sp.

For local communities, this species composition determines the density of the stand that buffers against waves and coastal erosion in Tiwoho. The study confirms that mangrove species in the area are not evenly distributed, so monitoring of stand condition needs to take account of species differences at each growth stage.

Source and how to cite

This story is based on the research article Composition and Structure of Tiwoho Mangrove Vegetation at Bunaken National Parkional Park (Komposisi Dan Struktur Vegetasi Mangrove Tiwoho di Kawasan Taman Nasional Bunaken) by Supratman Tabba Supratman, Nurlita Indah Wahyuni Nurlita and Hendra Susanto Mokodompit Hendra, published in Jurnal Wasian Vol. 2 No. 2 (2015). The full article is free to read on the Jurnal Wasian website.

Cite the original article (APA 7):

Supratman, S. T., Nurlita, N. I. W., & Hendra, H. S. M. (2015). Composition and Structure of Tiwoho Mangrove Vegetation at Bunaken National Parkional Park (Komposisi Dan Struktur Vegetasi Mangrove Tiwoho di Kawasan Taman Nasional Bunaken). Jurnal Wasian, 2(2), 95–103. https://doi.org/10.62142/n8859p33

If you use these findings in coursework, a thesis or other writing, cite the original article above, not this news story. The original article is licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.